The adults of aquatic dipterans are terrestrial and the larvae are aquatic.
The pupae of some groups, such as mosquitoes, remain in the water and others, such as crane flies, pupate on dry land.
Some species produce several generations per year, whereas other species require several years to complete a single generation.
Some dipterans are used as indicators of water pollution and eutrophication.

Illustration courtesy of B.C. Kondratieff, Colorado State University.